Hydroelectric power plants capture the energy of falling water to generate electricity.
A turbine converts the kinetic energy of falling water into mechanical energy. Then a generator converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy.
Hydro plants range in size from "micro-hydros" that power only a few homes to huge schemes like the Snowy River System that provide electricity for millions of people.
Advantages to hydroelectric power:
Fuel is not burned so there is minimal pollution
Water to run the power plant is provided free by nature
Hydropower plays a major role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions
Relatively low operations and maintenance costs
The technology is reliable and proven over time
It's renewable - rainfall renews the water in the reservoir, so the fuel is almost always there
There are three types of hydropower facilities: impoundment, diversion, and pumped storage. Some hydropower plants use dams and some do not.
Muriatic Acid is a strong, corrosive, inorganic acid (HCl), manufactured by absorbing hydrogen chloride in water. It is one of the most corrosive of acids, and is particularly destructive to cellulose, breaking the cellulose chain into even smaller units, resulting ultimately in its complete hydrolysis. It is the same chemical as Hydrochloric Acid.
Uses include cleaning brick, etching concrete, cleaning metal and for swimming pool maintenance. Will attack varnish, fabrics, metals, plastics, most paints and many other materials. Can be diluted with water.
Directions for working with Muriatic Acid:
·Wear protective clothing, rubber gloves and plastic safety glasses while using. To etch or clean concrete and masonry or metal:
·Dilute to desired strength by adding acid carefully to water, avoid splashing.
·Start with a highly diluted mixture and strengthen gradually (1 part acid to 20 parts water).
·Apply solution. Bubbling indicates solution is strong enough.
·Flush thoroughly with clean water and immediately after cleaning or etching is complete.
Cleaning Masonry With Muriatic (Hydrochloric) Acid
Masonry can be very alkaline, which makes for poor adhesion of paints, etc. Washing masonry with muriatic acid neutralizes the alkalinity, leaving it in optimal condition to accept paints and other coatings. When cleaning masonry with muriatic acid, a powdery residue is left on the surface. Once that residue is rinsed off, you are left with a very clean, coating friendly surface
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The outermost shell of an atom is known as the valence shell. The electrons present in the valence shell are called valence electrons.Electrons orbit the nucleus at certain distances from the nucleus. Each orbit corresponds to a certain energy level. The electrons in the outermost orbit are called valence electrons. They have higher energy and are less tightly bound to the atom than those closer to the nucleus.
Good Morning!!! Today let us learn about Magnetic attraction.
As you will see from these magnetic experiments, magnetism (the invisible force) can push and pull through some materials such as paper and plastic.
Paper clips are made of steel. If you hold a paper clip close to a magnet, you can feel the magnet pulling on the paper clip with an invisible force called magnetism.
All magnets have two ends or poles (North & South). If you put the poles of two magnets together, they will either pull together or push apart. They will pull (attract) each other if the poles are different. They will push (repel) each other if the poles are the same.
Experiments with magnets will help you to find out more about the way magnetism works and how it can be passed on to some other objects.
Look for magnets in old toys or on fridge stickers, or buy a bar or horseshoe magnet from a toy shop.
Electromagnetic relays are devices that connect and disconnect contact points physically using an electromagnet.
The magnetic attraction that activates the relay is generated by the magnetomotive force, which is expressed by the product of coil turns and current.
The operating time can be calculated from the magnetic attraction at the moveable core using an equation of motion.
This example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to evaluate the operating time of an electromagnetic relay driven by direct current accounting for the eddy currents.
I am back again with an interesting topic, as i do every day. Have you learned anytime about Mars?Today we shall understand about "Climatic Conditions on Mars"
Climatic Conditions on Mars
Type : Earth like
Seasons : Earth like due to similarities in tilts of the rotational axes of the planets.
Lenght of seasons : Twice as those on Earth
Thermal conservation : Poor ,due to thin atmosphere
Amount of incident light : 43% of Earth
Storms : Largest dust storm in solar system
Soil structure of Mars
(Data from Phoenix Lander, June 2008, august 2008)
Nature of soil : Basic, pH 8.3 Vital nutrients: Magnesium, Potassium and chloride, salt perchlorate
Life : dark streaks common across martian soil in may involve water or even growth
In our next blog we shall learn about "Mars orbits"
Hope the above explanation was useful. keep reading and leave your comments.
As the world embraces technology, some of the world’s population is still trying to catch up. While there’s plenty of elderly out there that take to the advancements of our phones, computers, and even our eyes, there’s just as many out there that find the whole situation far too complex for every day usage.
Robots are mechanical devices that operate automatically. They can perform a wide variety of tasks; jobs that are repetitious and boring, difficult, or too dangerous for people to perform. Industrial robots efficiently complete routine tasks such as drilling, welding, assembly, painting, and packaging. They are used in manufacturing, electronics assembly, and food processing.
The word robot comes from the Czech word 'robota' that means drudgery. The science and technology that deals with robots is called robotics. A typical robot completes its task by following a set of specific instructions that tell it what and how the job is to be completed. These instructions are programmed and stored in the robot's control center, a computer or partial computer. Robots come in different sizes and shapes. Few resemble humans as is frequently depicted in science fiction. Most are stationary machines with a single arm that lifts or moves objects and uses tools.
Engineers have also developed mobile robots with video cameras for sight and electronic sensors for touch. These new generation robots are controlled by both their stored instructions by feedback that they receive from the sensors. Such robots might be used on the ocean floor at depths man is unable to reach and in planetary exploration and other scientific research.
Robots doing battle on Earth, robots helping humans to fight evil, or a robot which has committed murder – these are just some of the ways in which robots have been featured in Hollywood films in recent years.
We are all obsessed with robots. What they can do and how they can benefit humans, the possibilities are limitless. Let's find out how robots do what they do.
At the very basic level, robots are very much like humans. They are made up of five basic components:
3) A sensory system that receives information about its body and from its surroundings
4) A power source that activates the muscle and sensory systems
5) A brain system that processes sensory information and tells the body what to do.
Types of Robot
Cartesian robot /Gantry robot: Used for pick and place work, application of sealant, assembly operations, handling machine tools and arc welding. It's a robot whose arm has three prismatic joints, whose axes are coincident with a Cartesian coordinator.
Cylindrical robot: Used for assembly operations, handling at machine tools, spot welding, and handling at diecasting machines. It's a robot whose axes form a cylindrical coordinate system.
Spherical/Polar robot: Used for handling at machine tools, spot welding, diecasting, fettling machines, gas welding and arc welding. It's a robot whose axes form a polar coordinate system.
SCARA robot: Used for pick and place work, application of sealant, assembly operations and handling machine tools. It's a robot which has two parallel rotary joints to provide compliance in a plane.
Articulated robot: Used for assembly operations, diecasting, fettling machines, gas welding, arc welding and spray painting. It's a robot whose arm has at least three rotary joints.
Parallel robot: One use is a mobile platform handling cockpit flight simulators. It's a robot whose arms have concurrent prismatic or rotary joints.
Let Us Learn About Physics in relation to science, society and technology
Physics in relation to science, society and technology
Technology has also a very important part in a society. People reach another level, countries grow, economy grows because technology and inventions appear and help people produce. Technology helps communication develop also. Communication Technology In Society, is recognized by all the gadgets and all the things through which people communicate easily. For example mobile phones or computers and Internet. Each day something new appears and brings us to another level.
Among the various disciplines of science, the only discipline which can be regarded as being most fundamental is physics.
It has played a key role in the development of all other disciplines.
Physics in relation to chemistry
The study of structure of atoms, radioactivity, X-ray, diffraction, etc., in physics has enabled chemists to rearrange elements in the periodic table and to have a better understanding of chemical bonding and complex chemical structures.
Physics in relation to Biological science
The optical microscopes developed in physics are extensively used in the study of biological samples.
Electron microscope, X-rays and radio isotopes are used widely in medical sciences.
Physics in relation to astronomy
The giant astronomical telescopes and radio telescopes have enabled the astronomers to observe planets and other heavenly objects.
Physics related to mathematics
Mathematics has served as a powerful tool in the development of modern theoretical physics.
Physics related to other sciences
The other sciences like Biophysics, Geology, Heterology and Oceanography and Seismology use some of the laws of physics.
Physics related to society and technology
The development of telephone, telegraph and telex enables us to transmit messages instantly.
The development of radio and television satellites has revolutionised the means of communication.
Advances in electronics (computers, calculators and lasers) have greatly enriched the society.
Rapid means of transport are important for the society.
Generation of power from nuclear reactors is based on the phenomenon of controlled nuclear chain reaction.
Digital electronics is widely used in modern technological developments.
Let us learn about "Hydroelectric power plants"
